Large-scale enterprises accounted for 42.3% of Turkiye’s exports and 60.9% of its imports last year.
Turkish Statistical Institute announced foreign trade statistics according to enterprise characteristics for 2022.
Accordingly, in 2022, 114 thousand 155 enterprises exported and 173 thousand 302 enterprises imported.
Micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees, which realized 19.4% of total exports, constituted 64.2% of total exporting enterprises. The share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees in exports was 18.9%, the share of medium-sized enterprises with 50-249 employees was 19.4%, and the share of large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees was 42.3%.
It was determined that 11.3% of total imports were made by micro-scale enterprises employing 1-9 people. The share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees in imports was recorded as 10.7%, and the share of medium-sized enterprises with 50-249 employees was recorded as 17.1%. While it was observed that the share of large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees in imports was 60.9%, these enterprises constituted 2% of the total importing enterprises.
More than half of exports were made by enterprises in the industrial sector
When evaluated according to the main activity of the enterprise, 55.4% of exports and 49.5% of imports were made by enterprises operating in the industrial sector. The share of enterprises whose main activity is trade was 40.6% in exports and 32.4% in imports. While large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees stood out with a 66.7% share in the exports of the industrial sector, the dominance of small and medium-sized enterprises with 1-249 employees continued in the exports of the commercial sector with a share of 89.3%.
Large-scale enterprises ranked first in industrial sector imports with a share of 79.3%. In the trade sector, the share of large-scale enterprises decreased from 30.1% to 28.1%, while in the other sector, large-scale enterprises continued to be ahead with a share of 69.2%.
The industrial sector ranks first in exports to EU countries
Enterprises whose main activity is industry made 45.3% of their exports to the European Union (EU 27) countries, 14% to the Near and Middle East countries and 13.2% to non-EU European countries. 61.9% of exports to EU countries were made by industry, 35.6% by trade, and 2.5% by enterprises in other sectors.
It was observed that enterprises whose main activity is industry realized 29.5% of their imports from EU countries, 25.4% from other Asian countries and 18% from non-EU European countries. The country groups from which enterprises whose main activity is trade imported the most were other Asian countries with a 30.4% share, EU countries with a 27.6% share, and non-EU European countries with a 23.1% share.
It was determined that 56.9% of the exports of manufacturing industry products were made by enterprises whose main activity was industry, and 39.5% were made by enterprises whose main activity was trade. 96.7% of the exports made by enterprises whose main activity is industry were manufacturing industry products, 1.4% were agriculture, forestry and fishing products, and 1.4% were mining and quarrying products.
48.8% of the imports of manufacturing industry products were made by industry, 41.5% by trade and 9.8% by enterprises in other sectors. 70.5% of the imports of enterprises whose main activity is industry were recorded as manufacturing industry products, 5.4% as mining products, and 4.4% as agricultural, forestry and fishing products.
The first 500 enterprises accounted for 48.9% of exports.
It was determined that the top 500 enterprises accounted for 48.9% of exports and 67.5% of imports. The first 5 enterprises that exported the most made 8.1% of total exports, and the first 5 enterprises that imported the most made 20.6% of imports.
The share of the top 5 exporting enterprises in the industrial sector was calculated as 12.6% in the industrial sector, and the share of the top 5 exporting enterprises in the trade sector was calculated as 12%. The share of the top 5 enterprises that imported the most in the industrial sector was 20.5%, and in the trade sector it was 13.1%.
61.8% of startups imported from a single country
43.4% of the enterprises exported to one country and 16.2% to two countries. While the rate of enterprises exporting to 20 or more countries was 5.1%, the share of these enterprises in exports was recorded as 59.2%.
61.8% of the enterprises imported from one country, and 16.3% from two countries. The rate of enterprises importing from 20 or more countries was determined as 1.3%, and the share of these enterprises in imports was determined as 61.3%.
Source: Trthaber / Prepared by Irem Yildiz