Last year, the highest annual average gross earnings in Turkiye were earned by those working in finance and insurance activities with ₺293 thousand 511. During the same period, the average annual gross earnings in the country was ₺144 thousand 390, this value was estimated as ₺147 thousand 446 for men and ₺138 thousand 366 for women.
Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) announced the results of the “Earnings Structure Research” for 2022.
Accordingly, in the study conducted with the month of November as a reference, the total monthly paid hours worked was 201.3. Monthly paid hours worked for men was 206.3, and for women it was 191.
The average hourly gross wage-salary was ₺55.4 in total. While salaried men earned an average hourly gross wage-salary of ₺54.4, women earned a gross wage-salary of ₺57.4.
The average monthly gross wage-salary per person was ₺11 thousand 143 in total. While salaried men receive an average monthly gross wage-salary of ₺11 thousand 233 per person, this number for women was calculated as ₺10 thousand 961.
The average monthly income per person was ₺12 thousand 450 in total. The average monthly per capita earnings of paid men was ₺12 thousand 487, while this earnings for women was recorded as ₺12 thousand 376.
Average annual gross earnings was 144 thousand 390 lira
Last year, the average annual gross earnings was ₺144 thousand 390. This value was estimated to be ₺147 thousand 446 for men and ₺138 thousand 366 for women.
Earnings of both male and female wage earners generally rose in direct proportion to their educational attainment. Accordingly, the highest annual average gross earnings were obtained by those with a higher education level. At this level of education, the average annual gross earnings was ₺207 thousand 112 for men and ₺171 thousand 568 for women.
While the highest annual average gross wage-salary was earned by those with a higher education level, the salary of men at this level of education was ₺175 thousand 463 and the salary of women was ₺145 thousand 387.
When the gross earnings of paid employees were examined by economic activity branch, it was seen that the highest annual average earnings were in the finance and insurance activities sector with ₺293 thousand 511. This sector was followed by information and communication with ₺284 thousand 842, and culture, art, entertainment, recreation and sports activities with ₺229 thousand 108.
The lowest average annual gross earnings were obtained in the accommodation and food service activities sector with ₺99 thousand 290. This was followed by real estate activities with ₺102 thousand 109 and construction activities with ₺104 thousand 768.
According to the economic activity classification, the average annual gross earnings of female employees were ₺213 thousand 810 in transportation and storage activities, ₺206 thousand 633 in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and distribution, and ₺104 thousand 387 in real estate, above the annual average gross earnings of male employees in these sectors.
The highest average annual gross earnings were earned by employees in the managerial occupation group, with ₺276 thousand 507. This occupational group was followed by professionals with ₺200 thousand 195. The lowest average annual gross earnings was in the group of qualified agriculture, forestry and aquaculture workers with ₺94 thousand 849.
The wage or earnings gap was in favor of men
The gender wage or earnings gap is defined as the percentage ratio of the wage or earnings difference between men and women to the male wage or earnings. This difference indicator was calculated based on the annual average gross wage-salary and annual average gross earnings in the statistics in question. This indicator can also be calculated based on hourly, monthly or annual average wage-salary or earnings.
Accordingly, the wage or earnings gap was in favor of men at all education levels. For the indicator calculated by annual average gross earnings, the highest difference was for high school graduates with 19.6%, and the lowest difference was for primary school graduates and below with 14.5%. For the indicator calculated by annual average gross wage-salary, the highest difference was observed in higher education graduates with 17.1%, and the lowest difference was observed in primary school graduates and below, with 12.4%.
Considering the annual average gross earnings, the highest gender gap was seen in craftsmen and related workers with 22.8%, and technicians, technicians and assistant professionals with 21.4%. The lowest differences were recorded for managers with 4.2%, and service and sales personnel with 6.1%.
Considering the annual average gross wage-salary, the highest gender gap was in professionals with 21.1% and technicians, technicians and assistant professionals with 19.2%. The lowest difference occurred in managers with 4.4% and in the group of professions that do not require qualifications and service and sales personnel with 6.8%.
Enterprises with at least one paid employee were included in the scope
Earnings structure statistics have been produced simultaneously with European Union (EU) countries at four-year intervals since 2006, based on survey data. By producing statistics using administrative records for the first time, all enterprises with at least one paid employee in the B-S (except O) sectors according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2) were included in the scope of the study.
Source: Trthaber / Prepared by Irem Yildiz